Cartesian product of hypergraphs: properties and algorithms

Cartesian products of graphs have been studied extensively since the 1960s. They make it possible to decrease the algorithmic complexity of problems by using the factorization of the product. Hypergraphs were introduced as a generalization of graphs and the definition of Cartesian products extends naturally to them. In this paper, we give new properties and algorithms concerning coloring aspects of Cartesian products of hypergraphs. We also extend a classical prime factorization algorithm initially designed for graphs to connected conformal hypergraphs using 2-sections of hypergraphs

Au-delà des assises conceptuelles : Illustration d’une pratique de suivi communautaire en équipe

Les auteurs proposent un survol de la pratique du suivi communautaire, à partir de ses valeurs, de ses fonctions inhérentes, de façon générique. Allant au-delà des différents modèles de pratique, ils cherchent à illustrer ce qui distingue ce suivi des autres services externes ou dans la communauté. Ils en présentent ensuite l'actualisation au Service d'Accompagnement et de Soutien Communautaire (SASC) du Centre hospitalier Pierre-Janet. Une vignette, écrite avec une usagère, illustre les aspects quotidiens et cliniques, tandis que les aspects structuraux et organisationnels sont discutés en lien avec l'organisation régionale des services de santé mentale.The authors propose an overview of the practice of assertive community treatment, from the perspective of its values, its inherent functioning as well as its generic way. Going beyond different models, the authors try to illustrate what distinguishes assertive community treatment from other external or community services. They then present its application with the Service d'accompagnement et de soutien communautaire (SASC) of Pierre-Janet hospital. A vignette written by a client, illustrates the daily and clinical aspects, while structural and organizational aspects are discussed in relation to the regional organization of mental health services.Los autores proponen un sobrevuelo de la prâctica del seguimiento comunal, a partir de sus valores, de sus funciones inhérentes, de forma genérica. Yendo mas alla de los diferentes modelos de prâctica, ellos quieren ilustrar Io que distingue ese seguimiento de los otros servicios externos o en la comunidad. Luego ellos presentan la actualizaciôn al Servicio de Acompanamiento y de Sostén Comunales (SASC) del centro hospitalario Pierre-Janet. Una vinuela, escrita con una usuaria, ilustra los aspectos diarios y clînicos, mientras que los aspectos estracturales y organizacionales son discutidos en relaciôn con la organization regional de servicios de salud mental

Noninvasive Imaging Techniques in Islet Transplantation

Since the Edmonton trials, insulin independence can reproducibly be achieved after islet transplantation. However, a majority of patients resume insulin treatment in the first 5years after transplantation. Several mechanisms have been proposed but are difficult to pinpoint in one particular patient. Current tools for the metabolic monitoring of islet grafts indicate islet dysfunction when it is too late to take action. Noninvasive imaging of transplanted islets could be used to study β-cell mass and β-cell function just after infusion, during vascularization or autoimmune and alloimmune attacks. This review will focus on the most recent advances in various imaging techniques (bioluminescence imaging, fluorescence optical imaging, MRI, and positron emission tomography). Emphasis will be placed on pertinent approaches for translation to human practic

Factorization of products of hypergraphs: Structure and algorithms

International audienceOn the one hand Cartesian products of graphs have been extensively studied since the 1960s. On the other hand hypergraphs are a well-known and useful generalization of graphs. In this article, we present an algorithm able to factorize into its prime factors any bounded-rank and bounded-degree hypergraph in O(nm), where n is the number of vertices and m is the number of hyperedges of the hypergraph. First the algorithm applies a graph factorization algorithm to the 2-section of the hypergraph. Then the 2-section factorization is used to build the factorization of the hypergraph via the factorization of its L2-section. The L2-section is a recently introduced way to interpret a hypergraph as a labeled-graph. The graph factorization algorithm used in this article is due to Imrich and Peterin and is linear in time and space. Nevertheless any other such algorithm could be extended to a hypergraph factorization algorithm similar to the one presented here

Pre-retrieval reperfusion decreases cancer recurrence after rat ischemic liver graft transplantation

Background & Aims Liver transplantation from marginal donors is associated with ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) lesions, which may increase the risk of post-transplant hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) recurrence. Graft reperfusion prior to retrieval (as for extracorporeal membrane oxygenation – ECMO) can prevent I/R lesions. The impact of I/R on the risk of cancer recurrence was assessed on a syngeneic Fischer-rat liver transplantation model. Methods HCC cells were injected into the vena porta of all recipients at the end of an orthotopic liver transplantation (OLT). Control donors were standard heart-beating, ischemic ones (ISC), underwent 10min or 30min inflow liver clamping prior to retrieval, and ischemic/reperfused (ISC/R) donors underwent 2h liver reperfusion after the clamping. Results I/R lesions were confirmed in the ISC group, with the presence of endothelial and hepatocyte injury, and increased liver function tests. These lesions were in part reversed by the 2h reperfusion in the ISC/R group. HCC growth was higher in the 10min and 30min ISC recipients ( p =0.018 and 0.004 vs. control, as assessed by MRI difference between weeks one and two), and was prevented in the ISC/Rs ( p =0.04 and 0.01 vs. ISC). These observations were associated with a stronger pro-inflammatory cytokine profile in the ISC recipients only, and the expression of hypoxia and HCC growth-enhancer genes, including Hmox1 , Hif1a and Serpine1 . Conclusions This experiment suggests that ischemia/reperfusion lesions lead to an increased risk of post-transplant HCC recurrence and growth. This observation can be reversed by graft reperfusion prior to retrieval

Understanding the role of contrasting urban contexts in healthy aging: an international cohort study using wearable sensor devices (the CURHA study protocol).

BACKGROUND: Given the challenges of aging populations, calls have been issued for more sustainable urban re-development and implementation of local solutions to address global environmental and healthy aging issues. However, few studies have considered older adults' daily mobility to better understand how local built and social environments may contribute to healthy aging. Meanwhile, wearable sensors and interactive map-based applications offer novel means for gathering information on people's mobility, levels of physical activity, or social network structure. Combining such data with classical questionnaires on well-being, physical activity, perceived environments and qualitative assessment of experience of places opens new opportunities to assess the complex interplay between individuals and environments. In line with current gaps and novel analytical capabilities, this research proposes an international research agenda to collect and analyse detailed data on daily mobility, social networks and health outcomes among older adults using interactive web-based questionnaires and wearable sensors. METHODS/DESIGN: Our study resorts to a battery of innovative data collection methods including use of a novel multisensor device for collection of location and physical activity, interactive map-based questionnaires on regular destinations and social networks, and qualitative assessment of experience of places. This rich data will allow advanced quantitative and qualitative analyses in the aim to disentangle the complex people-environment interactions linking urban local contexts to healthy aging, with a focus on active living, social networks and participation, and well-being. DISCUSSION: This project will generate evidence about what characteristics of urban environments relate to active mobility, social participation, and well-being, three important dimensions of healthy aging. It also sets the basis for an international research agenda on built environment and healthy aging based on a shared and comprehensive data collection protocol

Early liver transplantation for severe alcohol-related hepatitis not responding to medical treatment: a prospective controlled study

peer reviewedBackground: Early liver transplantation for severe alcohol-related hepatitis is an emerging treatment option. We aimed to assess the risk of alcohol relapse 2 years after early liver transplantation for alcohol-related hepatitis compared with liver transplantation for alcohol-related cirrhosis after at least 6 months of abstinence. Methods: We conducted a multicentre, non-randomised, non-inferiority, controlled study in 19 French and Belgian hospitals. All participants were aged 18 years or older. There were three groups of patients recruited prospectively: patients with severe alcohol-related hepatitis who did not respond to medical treatment and were eligible for early liver transplantation according to a new selection scoring system based on social and addiction items that can be quantified in points (early transplantation group); patients with alcohol-related cirrhosis listed for liver transplantation after at least 6 months of abstinence (standard transplantation group); patients with severe alcohol-related hepatitis not responding to medical treatment not eligible for early liver transplantation according to the selection score (not eligible for early transplantation group), this group did not enter any further liver transplantation processes. We also defined a historical control group of patients with severe alcohol-related hepatitis unresponsive to medical therapy and non-transplanted. The primary outcome was the non-inferiority of 2-year rate of alcohol relapse after transplantation in the early transplantation group compared with the standard transplantation group using the alcohol timeline follow back (TLFB) method and a prespecified non-inferiority margin of 10%. Secondary outcomes were the pattern of alcohol relapse, 2-year survival rate post-transplant in the early transplantation group compared with the standard transplantation group, and 2-year overall survival in the early transplantation group compared with patients in the not eligible for early transplantation group and historical controls. This trial is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT01756794. Findings: Between Dec 5, 2012, and June 30, 2016, we included 149 patients with severe alcohol-related hepatitis: 102 in the early transplantation group and 47 in the not eligible for early transplantation group. 129 patients were included in the standard transplantation group. 68 patients in the early transplantation group and 93 patients in the standard transplantation group received a liver transplant. 23 (34%) patients relapsed in the early transplantation group, and 23 (25%) patients relapsed in the standard transplantation group; therefore, the non-inferiority of early transplantation versus standard transplantation was not demonstrated (absolute difference 9·1% [95% CI –∞ to 21·1]; p=0·45). The 2-year rate of high alcohol intake was greater in the early transplantation group than the standard transplantation group (absolute difference 16·7% [95% CI 5·8–27·6]) The time spent drinking alcohol was not different between the two groups (standardised difference 0·24 [95% CI −0·07 to 0·55]), but the time spent drinking a large quantity of alcohol was higher in the early transplantation group than the standard transplantation group (standardised difference 0·50 [95% CI 0·17–0·82]). 2-year post-transplant survival was similar between the early transplantation group and the standard transplantation group (hazard ratio [HR] 0·87 [95% CI 0·33–2·26]); 2-year overall survival was higher in the early transplantation group than the not eligible for early transplantation group and historical controls (HR 0·27 [95% CI 0·16–0·47] and 0·21 [0·13–0·32]). Interpretation: We cannot conclude non-inferiority in terms of rate of alcohol relapse post-transplant between early liver transplantation and standard transplantation. High alcohol intake is more frequent after early liver transplantation. This prospective controlled study confirms the important survival benefit related to early liver transplantation for severe alcohol-related hepatitis; and this study provides objective data on survival and alcohol relapse to tailor the management of patients with severe alcohol-related hepatitis. Funding: The present study has been granted by the French Ministry of Health—Programme Hospitalier de Recherche Clinique 2010

Map Theory et Antifondation

Map Theory is a powerful extension of type-free lamba-calculus. Due to Klaus Grue, it was designed to be a common foundation for Computer Sciences and for Mathematics. In particular Map Theory interprets predicate calculus and ZFC+FA , where ZFC is the theory of Zermelo-Fraenkel, and FA is the usual well-foundation axiom. All the primitive notions of first-order logic and set theory, including truth values, connectives and quantifiers, set-membership and set-equality, get a canonical interpretation as terms of the lambda-calculus with only a few term constants added. Moreover, Map Theory allows to represent inductive data type and gives a computational interpretation to all the usual set-theoretic constructs. K. Grue's version of Map Theory only considers mathematical sets or classes which are well-founded with respect to the membership relation. In this thesis we show that it is possible to design a version of Map Theory which takes all non-well-founded sets into account, and allows for co-inductive reasoning over them. This new system opens the way to a direct representation of co-inductive data-types and of circular processes and phenomena. In the first part of the thesis we present the axiomatization of this new system, called MTA, and we show that it is powerful enough to interpret ZFC+AFA, where AFA is the Aczel-Forti-Honsell Antifoundation axiom. In the second part, we show the relative consistency of MTA with respect to ZFC+SI, where SI is the axiom which forces the existence of a strongly inaccessible cardinal.Map Theory est une extension équationnelle du lambda-calcul non-typé conçue par Klaus Grue pour être une fondation commune de l'informatique et des mathématiques. Elle permet en particulier une interprétation complète du calcul des prédicats et de ZFC+FA, où ZFC est la théorie de Zermelo-Fraenkel, et FA est l'axiome de bonne fondation usuel. Toutes les notions primitives de la logique du premier ordre et de la théorie des ensembles, valeurs de vérité, connecteurs, quantificateurs, appartenance et égalité, y sont traduites par des termes du lambda-calcul enrichi de quelques constantes. De plus, Map Theory permet de représenter les types de données inductifs et de donner un sens calculatoire immédiat à tous les constructeurs ensemblistes usuels. La version initiale de Map Theory par K. Grue ne considère cependant que les ensembles (ou classes) bien-fondée relativement à la relation d'appartenance. Dans le cadre du renouveau d'intérêt pour l'antifondation induit par les developpements récents de l'informatique théorique, nous montrons dans notre thèse qu'il est possible d'élaborer une version antifondée de Map Theory qui prenne en compte l'existence des objets non-bien-fondés, et qui permette de raisonner sur ces objets par co-induction. Ce nouveau système ouvre la possibilité d'une représentation directe des types de données co-inductifs, et de la modèlisation des phènoménes et processus circulaires. Dans une première partie, nous présenterons l'axiomatisation MTA de ce nouveau système, et nous montrerons que ZFC+AFA, où AFA est l'axiome d'Antifondation de Aczel-Forti-Honsell, y est interprétable syntaxiquement. Dans la deuxième partie, nous montrerons la consistance de MTA relativement à ZFC+SI, où SI est l'axiome exprimant l'existence d'un cardinal fortement inaccessible